Who is Mohamed Samsudeen?

Samsudeen was a 32-year-old Sri Lankan national who arrived in New Zealand in October 2011 as a 22-year-old travelling on a student visa. At the time, it was not known that he held extremist views.

The man first became known to police in 2016, after he posted what has been described as "staunchly anti-Western and violent" material on the internet. On Facebook, he expressed sympathy for recent terrorist attacks, including a bombing in Europe, and made comments advocating for violent extremism. 

The man, who lived in the west Auckland suburb of Glen Eden, was spoken to by police twice - once in April 2016 and then again in May that year - but continued to post violent material. 

It's said Samsudeen told a worshipper at his mosque that he planned to join Islamic State (IS), and, in May 2017, he was arrested at Auckland International Airport with a ticket to Singapore. It's believed he was heading to Syria, where IS was carrying out attacks amid the country's civil war. 

Following his arrest, police searched the man's home and found material that glorified violence, including images of him posing with an air rifle and a hunting knife.

He was detained in custody without bail and eventually pleaded guilty to knowingly distributing restricted material, fraud and failing to assist police with their search. He was released on bail.

However, in August 2018, while still on bail, Samsudeen purchased another knife. Again, he was arrested and a further search of his residence led to more objectionable material being found.

The man received additional charges of possessing objectionable material, possession of an offensive weapon and failing to assist police with their search. In this instance, he was kept in custody.

A month later, Samsudeen was sentenced to 12 months of supervision on the first set of charges. However, he remained in prison due to the additional crimes he had been accused of while on bail.

In July 2020, the Crown applied to prosecute the man under the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002 for planning a terrorist attack. However, the High Court judge declined this, ruling that preparing an attack is not an offence under the legislation. He said creating an offence was not the job of the court, but an issue for Parliament.

Samsudeen remained in custody and during this time refused to be psychologically assessed. On Saturday, Police Commissioner Andrew Coster said the man had been generally uncooperative with efforts to modify his behaviour or address underlying issues.

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Samsudeen also assaulted Corrections' officers and faced charges for these acts.

In May of this year, the man was found guilty by a jury in the Auckland High Court of possessing ISIS propaganda and failing to assist police during their search. He was found not guilty of possessing other objectionable material and of possessing a knife in a public place.

Because of the length of time he had already spent in custody, Samsudeen was sentenced by a High Court judge on July 6 to 12 months supervision. There were special conditions attached to this, including that he must show his probation officers all his electronic devices and provide access to his social media accounts. He was also required to attend a rehabilitation assessment and treatment. The Crown wanted him to be monitored by GPS, but that wasn't imposed by the court.

Prior to his release in mid-July, authorities looked at how to reduce his risk to the public. That included by having him surveyed, such as by using the Special Tactics Group (STG) that eventually shot and killed the man on Friday. Police also looked at what he could be arrested for, such as breaching his conditions, committing or threatening to commit a violent act, acquiring weapons or having objectionable material.

Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern met with officials on August 9 to discuss further ways to reduce the risk Samsudeen, who she described as "highly motivated", posed to the community. Later last month, officials, including the Police Commissioner, raised the possibility of bringing forward amendments to counter-terrorism legislation introduced in April to make it an offence to plan or prepare an attack. 

On Friday, the Minister of Justice contacted the chair of the Select Committee considering the amendments, which passed first reading in May, with the hopes of speeding the change up. That happened on the same day the man committed his horrendous act.

The terrorist attack

An undercover team followed Samsudeen on Friday as he trained to the LynnMall, took a supermarket trolley and began shopping. About ten minutes later, however, they heard a commotion and ran to find the man had begun his stabbing spree that would leave seven injured. He tried to rush the officers with a knife before they opened fire and killed the man. The time between the terrorist's first attack and him being shot is estimated to be about two minutes.

Samsudeen was "paranoid" about surveillance, the Police Commissioner said, even previously challenging members of the public about whether they were monitoring him. This was something the undercover officers had to consider. It was also noted that with the supermarket being under COVID-19 alert level 4 conditions, there were fewer people around, making it harder for officers to act inconspicuous.

While no specific details could be provided, Coster said on Saturday some of Samsudeen's actions earlier on Friday suggested he was planning for the future, with a "vision beyond the day yesterday". Of those subscribing to dangerous ideologies in New Zealand, he was considered to be among the most concerning cases, the commissioner said.

The Prime Minister said Samsudeen was "inspired by ISIS."

"This was a violent attack, it was senseless and I'm so sorry it happened," said Ardern on Friday evening.

"It was despicable, it was hateful, it was wrong. It was carried out by an individual, not a faith, not a culture, not an ethnicity - but an individual person who was gripped by an ideology that is not supported here by anyone or any community.

"He alone carries the responsibility for these acts. Let that be where the judgement falls."

She said on Saturday that agencies had "used every tool available to them to protect innocent people from this individual". However, the case would be looked at to "see what was done, and what more could have been done". That will include the Independent Police Conduct Authority and the Coroner. 

Ardern also committed that Parliament to passing the counter-terror legislation by the end of the month. She thanked National's Judith Collins for her support on this. 

The gap in the counter-terrorism legislation now being amended was noted by the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Christchurch terror attack. 

"There is nothing explicit in the Act to criminalise activities that are preliminary to acts of terrorism," the Royal Commission of Inquiry report said. 

It said that some precursor acts - such as the recruitment of members of terrorist groups - only apply to activity in which two or more people are involved. 

"They do not apply to the activities of lone actor terrorists. There are thus no explicit offences that catch the activity of a lone actor terrorist that is preliminary to a terrorist act."

Ardern said on Saturday officials have been undertaking policy work since 2018 on criminalising preparatory acts which may be related to terrorist intent or a plan. However, she said it was not fair to assume that if the law change had already been implemented, it would have made a difference in this case.